Sword fighting is a part of the combat sport known as Olympic fencing. The foil, the epee, and the sabre (also sabre) are the three modern fencing disciplines. Each discipline has its own set of rules and uses a different kind of blade with the same name. The majority of competitive fencers concentrate on a single sport. Swordsmanship is the foundation of modern sport and now in Olympics, which gained popularity near the end of the 19th century.
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The ancient European martial art of classical fencing was modified by the Italian school, and that system was later refined by the French school. Making contact with an opponent is how you get points in a fencing competition. Singlestick, the fourth type of fencing, was part of the Summer Games, but it was dropped after that and is not part of modern fencing. Along with athletics, cycling, swimming, and gymnastics, competitive fencing was one of the first sports to be included in the Olympics.
It has also been included in every modern game. The Federation Internationale d’Escrime (FIE) is in charge of fencing. Its current headquarters are located in Lausanne, Switzerland. Each of the 145 national federations that make up the FIE is recognized by the state Committee as the country’s sole representative of Olympic-style fencing.
Rules
The FIE keeps the current rules that are used by international events that are sanctioned by the FIE, like the Summer Games, world cups, and world championships. In the first year, the annual congress is where proposals to change the rules are handled by the FIE. The rules for the US Fencing Association are slightly different, but they usually follow the FIE’s guidelines.
History
Fencing follows its foundations to the improvement of swordsmanship for duels and self-protection in the Olympics. The Royal Armouries Ms I.33, also known as the Tower manuscript, is the oldest known essay on western fencing. It was written in modern-day Germany around the year 1300 and discusses the use of the arming sword and buckler. Several essays, mostly from Germany and Italy, followed, the oldest of which is Fior di Battaglia by Fiore Dei Liberi, written around the same time.1400.
These older treatises, on the other hand, lack much continuity with contemporary fencing because they were written for the context of a knightly duel and primarily focus on archaic weapons like the arming sword, longsword, or poleaxe. The Bolognese or Dardi-School of fencing, named after its founder, a Bolognese fencing master and Professor of Geometry at the University of Bologna, would dominate the Italian fencing scene beginning in the 16th century and now in Summer Games.
Bolognese masters
Although some Bolognese masters, like Achille Marozo, would still cover the use of the 2-handed greats word or spade one, the Bolognese school would primarily focus on the word of the side being used either alone or in combination with a buckler, a cape, a Parrying dagger, or a duel wielded with another sides word. The Bolognese school eventually spread outside of Italy and established modern fencing, superseding both older Italian and German practices.
This was partly the result of German schools emphasizing antiquated weapons like the longsword, but also of a general decline in fencing in Germany. Modern fencing mechanics were developed in the 18th century by an Italian Renaissance fencing school, which was influenced by the French fencing school. The Italian and French fencing schools took the place of the Spanish school, which became stagnant. After a long time, it is added to the Olympics.
Development into a sport
Domenico Angelo, who founded Angelo’s School of Arms, a fencing academy in Carlisle House, Soho, London, in 1763, led the transition toward fencing as a sport rather than as military training in the middle of the 18th century. He taught the aristocracy there the latest form of swordplay. His school was controlled by 3 ages of his family and overwhelmed the craft of European fencing for very nearly 100 years.
He established the fundamental rules of posture and footwork
Even though his methods of attacking and parrying were still very different from those used in modern fencing, he established the fundamental rules of posture and footwork that still govern contemporary sport fencing. In his influential 1763 book L’Ecole des Armes (The School of Fencing), he was the first fencing master to emphasize the health and sporting benefits of fencing over its use as a killing art. He intended for his students to be prepared for real combat.
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Camille Prevost, a French fencing master, compiled and established the fundamental rules in the 1880s.The Amateur Fencers League of America was established in 1891, the Amateur Fencing Association of Great Britain was established in 1902, and the Federation Nationale des Societies d’Escrime et Salles d’Armes de France was established in 1906. During this time, numerous officially recognized fencing associations began to appear in various regions of the world.
In 1880, the Royal Agricultural Hall in Islington hosted the inaugural Grand Military Tournament and Assault at Arms, which featured the first regularized fencing competition. There were several competitions between soldiers and officers of the army at the Tournament. Every session was battled for five hits and the foils were pointed with dark to help the adjudicators. In 1896, the Amateur Gymnastic & Fencing Association produced official fencing rules.
In the summer of 1896, fencing was a fragment of the Olympic Games. Every summer has featured sabre competitions. Except for 1908, foil proceedings have occupied place every summer. There have been epee competitions every summer, except the summer of 1896 for unknown explanations.
The Laurent-Pagan electrical scoring apparatus, with an audible tone and a red or green light indicating when a touch landed, replaced side judges beginning with the epee in 1933. In 1956, the foil was automated, and in 1988, the sabre was. The scoring box allowed for more accurate scoring of faster actions, lighter touches, and more touches to the back and flank than before. It also reduced the bias in judging. It will be performed at Paris 2024 event.
Weapons
Modern fencing uses three weapons: sabre, epee, and foil. There are distinct rules and strategies for each weapon. A lame (not for epee), a white jacket, an underarm protector, two body and mask cords, knee-high socks, gloves, and knickers are all required pieces of gear.
Foil
The foil is a weapon that moves quickly and has a maximum weight of 500 grams. The torso is the focus of the foil, not the arms or legs. The hand is shielded from direct stabs by a small, circular hand guard on the foil. This is primarily for safety reasons because the hand is not a valid foil target. The only way to score touches is with the tip. The electronic scoring device does not record hits to the side of the blade and does not halt the action.
Distinct colour on the scoring apparatus
Touches that stop the action but do not result in a score are referred to as off-target touches, and they are indicated by a distinct colour on the scoring apparatus. After a phrase, neither fencer can receive more than one touch. The referee uses the rules of right of way to determine which fencer is given the touch if both fencers land touches within a millisecond of each other to register 2 lights on the machine, or if an off-target hit has priority over a valid hit, in which case no touch is given.
Epee
Similar to the foil, the epee is a heavier weapon that can thrust, weighing up to 775 grams in total. The entire body is a valid target in the epee. The epee’s hand guard is a large circle that wraps around the pommel and effectively covers the hand, which is a legitimate target. Like foil, all hits should accompany the tip and not the sides of the sharp edge. The electronic scoring device does not record hits made with the blade’s side and does not halt the action.
There is no concept of an off-target touch because the entire body is the legal target, except the fencer accidentally striking the floor, which would set off the light and tone on the scoring apparatus. Epee, unlike foil and sabre, does not use the right of way. Instead, it uses double touches, which are simultaneous touches to both fencers. However, the point is null and void if a double touch is scored at the final point of a match and the score is tied.
Sabre
The head, both hands, and the upper body above the waist are all targets of the sabre, a light-cutting and thrusting weapon. The most recent weapon is the Sabre. The maximum permitted weight of a sabre is 500 grams, just like the foil. From the hilt to the point where the blade joins the pommel, the sabre’s hand guard extends. During sports, this guard is typically turned outward to shield the sword arm from contact.
Hits with the whole sharp edge or point are substantial. As in foil, contacts that land outside the objective region aren’t scored. Nonetheless, dissimilar to thwarting, these off-target contacts don’t stop the activity and the fencing proceeds. The referee uses the right of way once more to determine which fencer receives the point for the action if both fencers land a scoring touch. It will be performed in the Summer Games.
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